Technical Note: Machine learning approaches for range and dose verification in proton therapy using proton‐induced positron emitters

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S): Online proton range/dose verification based on measurements of proton-induced positron emitters is a promising strategy for quality assurance in proton therapy. Because of the nonlinear correlation between the dose distribution and the activity distribution of positron emitters in addition to the presence of noise, machine learning approaches were proposed to establish their relationship. MATERIALS/METHODS: Simulations …