Modeling and Control of a Hardware Efficient Low-Voltage-to-Cell Battery Balancing Circuit for Electric Vehicle Range Extension

This paper proposes a hardware-efficient battery cell balancing circuit for electric vehicles which uses the low-voltage automotive bus as a convenient source and sink for cell balancing current. The proposed circuit uses n+1 bilateral switches and low-power, low-voltage cell balancing DC/DC converters. The circuit can precisely control the voltage and current applied to each cell, eliminating inrush currents. The circuit also allows direct …