Managing Large-Scale Multimodal Emergency Evacuations

This article presents the development of a novel framework that optimizes the evacuation of large cities using multiple modes including vehicular traffic, rapid transit, and mass-transit shuttle buses. A large-scale evacuation model is developed for the evacuation of the City of Toronto in case of emergency. A demand estimation model is first designed to accurately quantify the evacuation demand by mode (drivers vs. transit users), over time of …