A mesoscopic approach for predicting sheet metal formability

A mesoscopic approach for constructing a forming limit diagram (FLD) is developed. The approach is based on the concept of a unit cell. The unit cell is macroscopically infinitely small and thus represents a material point in the sheet, and is microscopically finitely large and thus contains a sufficiently large number of grains. The responses of the unit cell under biaxial tension are calculated using the finite element method. Each element of …