A modified Delphi process to identify clinical and research priorities in patient and family centred critical care

PURPOSE: To identify elements which enable patient and family centred care (PFCC) in the intensive care unit (ICU) and priorities for PFCC research. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We engaged a panel of multidisciplinary stakeholders in a modified Delphi process. Items generated from a literature review and panelist suggestions were rated in 3 successive rounds on a scale from 1 to 7. Median score was used to rate each item's priority, with 5 or more indicating "essential priority," 4 or 5 "moderate priority" and 3 or less "low priority." Interquartile range (IQR) was used to measure consensus, with IQR of 1 indicating "high" consensus, 2 "moderate" consensus, and 3 or greater "low" consensus. RESULTS: Six items were rated essential elements for facilitating PFCC with high consensus (flexible visiting hours, family participation in bedside care, trained family support person, interventions to facilitate continuity of care, staff education to support families, continuity of staff assignments). Three items were rated essential research topics: interventions to facilitate continuity of care following ICU discharge (moderate consensus), family participation in bedside care (low consensus), and decision aids for end of life decision-making (low consensus). CONCLUSIONS: Stakeholders identified clear and distinct priorities for PFCC in clinical care and research, though there was greater consensus for clinical care.