Turbulence Modulation in Gas‐Particle Flows: A Comparison of Selected Models

Abstract The problem of turbulence modulation, the process whereby the gas‐phase turbulence is modified by the presence of particles, is investigated. Experimental trends are examined and parameters affecting turbulence modulation and the mechanisms by which turbulence modulation occurs are identified. A new model that accounts for the crossing trajectory effect through fluid velocity correlations is presented. This model and the turbulence …