A mathematical model of turbulence modulation in particle-laden pipe flows

This investigation is concerned with developing a model of the processes involved in turbulence modulation by relatively large particles in dilute gas–solid turbulent flows. The mathematical model, which focuses on two-way coupling, has been developed based on the work of Lightstone and Hodgson (Turbulence modulation in gas–particle flows: a comparison of selected models, “Can. J. Chem. Eng.” 82, 2004, 209–219) to account for both enhancements …