Recent advances in sensitivity analysis with frequency-domain full-wave EM solvers

This paper introduces recent developments in efficient sensitivity analysis with numerical electromagnetic solvers in the frequency domain. We start by reviewing our original discrete approaches for sensitivity analysis. We then propose and investigate, for the first time, two new discrete approaches which enhance the accuracy of the estimated derivatives. All four introduced approaches are based on the adjoint-variable method and target solvers on structured grids. Discussion and comparison of the accuracy and convergence for the different approaches are also given. Examples include waveguide and printed structures.