Soft Quasi-Maximum-Likelihood Detection for Multiple-Antenna Wireless Channels

The paper addresses soft maximum-likelihood (ML) detection for multiple-antenna wireless communication channels. We propose a soft quasi-ML detector that maximizes the log-likelihood function by deploying a semi-definite relaxation (SDR). Given perfect channel state information at the receiver, the quasi-ML SDR detector closely approximates the performance of the optimal ML detector in both coded and uncoded multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) channels with quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) modulation and frequency-flat Rayleigh fading. The complexity of the quasi-ML SDR detector is much less than that of the optimal ML detector, thus offering more favorable performance/complexity characteristics. In contrast to the existing sphere decoder, the new quasi-ML detector enjoys guaranteed polynomial worst-case complexity. The two detectors exhibit quite comparable performance in a variety of ergodic QPSK MIMO channels, but the complexity of the quasi-ML detector scales better with increasing number of transmit and receive antennas, especially in the region of low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).