abstract
- Urinary incontinence is a prevalent problem affecting elders of both sexes in community and institutional settings. Much of this problem is reversible. Detailed history, physical, and a residual urine test can provide sufficient information to begin treatment. There are three main types of incontinence: (1) stress, which may be alleviated by strengthening the pelvic floor muscles or by surgical intervention; (2) overflow; and (3) urge. These different types may co-exist. If the initial treatment is ineffective, it is recommended that referral be made for expert evaluation and urodynamic investigation.