Canadian Cardiovascular Society/Canadian Anesthesiologists' Society/Canadian Heart Rhythm Society Joint Position Statement on the Perioperative Management of Patients With Implanted Pacemakers, Defibrillators, and Neurostimulating Devices

There are more than 200,000 Canadians living with permanent pacemakers or implantable defibrillators, many of whom will require surgery or invasive procedures each year. They face potential hazards when undergoing surgery; however, with appropriate planning and education of operating room personnel, adverse device-related outcomes should be rare. This joint position statement from the Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) and the Canadian …