Glucosamine-Induced Endoplasmic Reticulum Dysfunction Is Associated With Accelerated Atherosclerosis in a Hyperglycemic Mouse Model

Diabetes is a major independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and stroke; however, the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which diabetes contributes to the development of vascular disease are not fully understood. Our previous studies demonstrated that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-inducing agents, including homocysteine, promote lipid accumulation and activate inflammatory pathways-the hallmark features of atherosclerosis. We …