Determining how 4‐phenylbutyrate inhibits tunicamycininduced acute kidney injury

It has been demonstrated that many nephrotoxic drugs, such as tunicamycin, induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress as part of the mechanism by which they cause acute kidney injury (AKI). There are three main mechanisms by which the low molecular weight chemical chaperone 4‐phenylbutyrate (4‐PBA) can modify AKI: (1) as a histone deacetylase inhibitor, (2) as an ER stress inhibitor, and (3) as a mediator of waste nitrogen excretion. We …