Reevaluating Modality of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in Patients with Heart Failure and Resynchronization Therapy: Relevance of Heart Rate-Adaptive Pacing

BACKGROUND: Chronotropic incompetence (CI) in heart failure (HF) patients with cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) and activity sensors may vary according to exercise modality. We hypothesized that chronotropic response and exercise capacity differ when HF patients with CRT and heart rate (HR) adaptive pacing are exercised on cycloergometer versus treadmill. METHODS AND RESULTS: This is a crossover study in which stable HF patients with CRT …