The application of roof-cutting and pressure-relief gob-side entry retention plays a critical role in controlling the stability of the surrounding rock at the entry, easing continuity tension and improving resource recovery ratio. The excavation of the 360,803 airway in Xinji No. 1 Mine is affected by intense mining of the 360,805 working face. Hence, to address the stability problem of surrounding rock in the 360,803 airway, rock mass blast weakening theory was used in this study to analyze the blasting stress of columnar charged rock mass and obtain the radiuses of crushed, fractured, and vibration zones under uncoupled charging conditions. The reasonable array pitch, length, and dip angle of boreholes were determined according to the pressure-relief range of the blasting fracture. The migration laws of roof strata were explored based on a mechanical model of overlying roof strata structure on the working face. Subsequently, the horizon, breaking span, and caving sequence of hard roof strata were obtained to determine the roof-cutting height of this entry. On the basis of the theory of key stratum, the number of sequences at the roof caving limit stratum and hanging roof length in the goaf were calculated, the analytical solution to critical coal pillar width was acquired, the evaluation indexes for the stability of entry-protecting coal pillars were determined, and the engineering requirements for the 25 m entry-protecting coal pillars in the 360,803 airway were met. Moreover, various indexes such as roof separation fracture, displacement of surrounding rock, and loose circle of surrounding rock in the gob-side entry were analyzed. The stability and cementation status of surrounding rock in the 360,803 airway were evaluated, and tunneling safety was ensured.