A Compact Methodology Via a Recurrent Neural Network for Accurate Equivalent Circuit Type Modeling of Lithium-Ion Batteries

This work investigates the modeling of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) with a recurrent neural network (RNN), rather than with an equivalent circuit or similar type model as is typically used. The RNN is trained with dynamic battery data, such as vehicle drive cycle test results. Specialized characterization tests and model parameterization are not necessary, simplifying the process of battery modeling. A compact unified methodology consisting of an RNN with gated recurrent unit and deep feature selection structures is utilized. A total of two RNNs are evaluated, one with current as the input and another with power as the input. Both RNN forms accurately model LIB dynamic responses including battery nonlinear behavior at different temperatures. The models are compact in size, require fewer characterization tests compared to conventional equivalent circuit models, and can be further used as an LIB simulator in model-based design and hardware-in-loop applications to test battery management systems and other electronic components.