Adjuvant Immune Checkpoint Inhibition in Muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer: Is It Ready for Prime Time?

We discuss results from the Checkmate-274 and IMvigor010 trials on adjuvant immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy in muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) with or without neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC), and conclude that adjuvant ICI (nivolumab but not atezolizumab) should be considered for patients with resected high-risk MIBC, especially for those who have received NAC.