Waste-to-X: An enviro-economic assessment of circular chemical production via municipal solid waste gasification

As the generation of municipal solid waste continues to increase, its inadequate disposal is becoming a meaningful threat to the health of both humanity and the planet. Most waste is either landfilled or incinerated, which exacerbates climate change, incidence of respiratory diseases, and damage to marine environments. As the chemical industry moves towards a circular economy model, the gasification of municipal solid waste has garnered …