Long-term assessment of wave conditions and wave energy resource in the Arctic Ocean

It was recently shown that the Arctic has been warming much faster than the rest of the globe during the last decades. This warming has reduced the ice extent significantly, which will strongly impact the wave climate in the Arctic regions, thus affecting the design of marine structures, operations, and energy resources. This study focuses on the higher latitudes, and uses the advanced wave hindcast NORA3, which covers a big part of the North Atlantic and the whole Arctic Ocean, to analyze the spatio–temporal properties of wave height and wave energy flux during the last three decades. The most energetic waves in the Arctic Ocean are observed in the Greenland Sea and the Barents Sea. The study shows that the substantial diminishing of sea ice in the Arctic induces local and regional changes in both mean and extreme wave conditions. In the Arctic Ocean the changes in extreme wave height are more pronounced compared to changes in mean wave conditions. The results also indicate a strong positive trend in the extreme wave heights in the Arctic regions of the Barents Sea, the Kara Sea, the Laptev Sea, the East Siberian Sea, the Chukchi Sea, and the Beaufort Sea.