Indirect Aerosol Forcing by Homogeneous and Inhomogeneous Clouds

It has been hypothesized that over the past ∼200 years, industrial activity has enhanced the number of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) in the lower atmosphere thereby reducing cloud droplet effective radii re and increasing the albedo of clouds. It is thought that in some regions, cloud albedos have increased so much that they have greatly ameliorated coincidental forcing by increased concentrations of greenhouse gases. The best estimates of …