This chapter addresses family violence from an evolutionary perspective, focusing on intimate partner violence (IPV) and homicide (IPH), and on child abuse and filicide by parents and stepparents. We review evidence that male sexual proprietariness, manifested in coercive control of female partners and in violent responses to infidelity and desertion, is a dominant issue in IPV and IPH; argue that it must be understood as an evolved response to chronic competition among men for access to women’s reproductive capacity and efforts; and interpret patterned variation in IPV and IPH in this light. We then criticize the thesis that women are as violent as men in intimate partner relationships and the Conflict Tactics Scales that have fueled this misguided claim. Turning to violence against children, we argue that evolutionary parent–offspring conflict theory is crucial, because it explains why the aims of parents and their children are never perfectly harmonious and points to predictors of variability in the extent to which their interests clash. We also review evidence for discrimination against stepchildren (“Cinderella effects”) and consider why this topic has been controversial. Interpreting family violence evolutionarily need not entail assuming that violence promotes the perpetrator’s Darwinian fitness, nor that it did so ancestrally, and we discuss which phenomena can justifiably be interpreted as evolved adaptations (male sexual proprietariness, discriminative parental solicitude) and which cannot (child abuse, IPH). Finally, we identify key elements of the hypotheses and data we have reviewed that may help practitioners in their work with families.