Measuring Outcomes of Swimmers' Non-Regulation during Practice: Relationships between Self-Report, Coaches' Judgments, and Video-Observation
Journal Articles
Overview
Research
Identity
Additional Document Info
View All
Overview
abstract
The purpose of this investigation was to further validate measures for three behavioral items that coaches claimed to reflect outcomes of non-regulation by swimmers during training. Measures for 33 competitive swimmers were collected for behaviors that reflected a lack of motivation to comply with a coach's full training volume prescription in (1) warm-up, and in the (2) remaining workout, as well for (3) the off-task durations of swimmers in warm-up. Measures were collected concurrently via self-report and video-observation at nine practices across five weeks of training. Coaches rated swimmers for levels of (a) on-task behavior in warm-up, and (b) initiative, motivation and discipline in the workout. Self-reported and observed measures were separately contrasted with low and high motivation groups, based on coach ratings. Results showed that when coaches rated swimmers low on self-regulated behaviors the swimmers had in fact completed less of the prescribed swim volume. Likewise, swimmers who spent a lot of time out-of-stroke in warm-up were not self-regulated, according to coach ratings. In a supplementary analysis, self-reported measures for missed volume during warm-up were contrasted with veridical measures obtained by video observation for a sub-set of 16 swimmers. Findings indicated that self-report at the end of workout was inaccurate and/or biased due to distorted memory processes and self-presentation influences. Discussion focused on the future use of valid and observable measures representing outcomes of non-regulation in applied sport intervention research.
