The nociceptive flexion reflex: a scoping review and proposed standardized methodology for acquisition in those affected by chronic pain

The nociceptive flexion reflex (NFR) is used in neurophysiological research as an objective measure of nociception. NFR thresholds are reduced in numerous chronic pain pathologies, which are indicative of common central hyperexcitability within conditions. However, variation exists in both the NFR assessment and determinants of NFR threshold among research groups. Our purpose was to provide a review of the recent literature to (a) confirm the …