Permafrost Hydrology

Abstract Permafrost is earth material that has temperature at or below 0°C for at least two consecutive summers. Above the permafrost is the active layer, a zone that freezes in winter and thaws in summer. Even though the principles governing water movement in permafrost areas are the same as those in more temperate regions, interactions of extremes in climate and the land surface characteristics render permafrost hydrology different from the …