Functional nucleic acids for pathogen detection

In addition to their roles in the storage and transmission of genetic information, nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) can also act as enzymes (ribozymes and DNAzymes) and recognition elements (aptamers) for wide analytical and bioanalytical applications. Herein we review our recent work in the development of functional nucleic acids for the detection of bacterial and viral pathogens. It covers selection of DNAzymes and DNA aptamers for bacterial and viral pathogens, design of biosensors and bioassays for the detection of these pathogens, and use of functional nucleic acids for rapid diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2. We also discuss current challenges and future perspectives.