The term “Silk Road” is used today as an abbreviation for complex multicultural relations across vast time and space. This chapter begins with a quick look at the place of textiles in the field of Silk Road studies and then examines some significant finds and their research as reflected by the historiography. It focuses on two critical issues: the transfer of complex weaving technologies and the emerging focus on fiber technologies. The Abegg Foundation plays a key role in advancing the study of Silk Road textiles and can do so because the Abegg Foundation specializes in textile analysis and conservation. Some textile historians would argue that they must have seen some Chinese jin silks, turned them 90°, and wove them as weft faced. In early China spun silk was usually made of broken silk from less than perfect cocoons. Thus, Chinese silks produced with spun silk were considered of an inferior quality.