Heat transfer near an isolated hemispherical gas bubble: The combined influence of thermocapillarity and buoyancy

Thermal Marangoni convection about a 1mm radius hemispherical air bubble attached to a heated wall immersed in a silicone oil layer of constant depth of 5mm was numerically investigated. Tests were performed for a range of Marangoni numbers (145⩽Ma⩽915) with varying levels of gravitational acceleration between zero gravity and earth gravity in order to quantify the rates of heat transfer. For the zero gravity condition, a thermocapillary-driven …