Spout formation in a gas-stirred ladle: The key to plume dynamics

Experimental data on the characteristic spout dimensions and the widths of gas-liquid plumes in vessels simulating Argon-stirred Ladles have been combined to derive a macroscopic model for unconfined two-phase plumes. The model reveals that, beyond the vicinity of the gas injector, various plume parameters in different gas-liquid systems can be expressed in an unified manner using the two variables of the system viz., the gas flow rate and the …