Interval-fuzzy municipal-scale energy model for identification of optimal strategies for energy management – A case study of Tianjin, China

An interval-fuzzy municipal-scale energy model (IF-MEM) is developed for energy systems planning. IF-MEM can effectively tackle uncertainties presented in terms of fuzzy sets and discrete intervals. IF-MEM is applied to a real case of energy systems planning in the City of Tianjin, which is the economic and industrial center of northern China. IF-MEM allows in-depth analyses for tradeoffs among economic objective, satisfaction degree, and …