authors Xia, Zekun Filho, Silvio Rotilli Xiao, Dianxun Fang, Gaoliang Sun, Yingguang Wiseman, Jason Emadi, Ali
keywords Computation-efficient algorithm Computational modeling Convergence Engineering Engineering, Electrical & Electronic IPMSM DRIVES MAXIMUM TORQUE Mathematical model Resistance SIGNAL-INJECTION Science & Technology Stator windings Technology Torque Trajectory gradient descent (GD) algorithm inverter nonlinearity maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) online optimal tracking permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) projection operation