Postscript (on material consequence)

The supposed “missing premisses” attributed to arguments are generally not premisses at all but rather statements of a rule that would license the inference as it stands. Such substantive rules of inference cannot be underwritten by substitutional or model-theoretic conceptions of consequence. They need to be understood in terms of schemata. A schema is valid if and only if the generalization corresponding to it is true or analogously …