What school social climate fa ctors affect mathematics performance in secondary school students? A multilevel análisis (¿Qué factores de Clima Social Escolar afectan el desempeño de Matemática en estudiantes secundarios? Un análisis multinivel)

The international literature and public policy actions in education have positioned the school environment as a significant component of academic performance and the well-being of the entire educational community. The objective of this study is to identify the school social climate factors that affect secondary school students’ academic performance in mathematics via a multilevel analysis. The model revealed the following factors: Disciplinary Measures, School Violence, Teacher-Student Violence and Encouragement of Classroom Participation. It revealed the teacher’s role in modelling and setting behaviour rules based on respect, equity, justice and inclusion. From this perspective, managing discipline and developing social-emotional competences in associated issues like coping, classroom management, mediation, conflict resolution and positive disciplinary measures should be included in pre-service and in-service teacher training.