Influence of Ferrous Sulfide on Carbothermic Reduction of Panzhihua Ilmenite Concentrate

To elucidate the effects of FeS on the carbothermic reduction of ilmenite, a series of tests were conducted using non-isothermal thermogravimetric analysis at heating rates of 10°C/min, 15°C/min, 20°C/min, and 25°C/min. The Malek method was used to analyze the reduction mechanism and obtain a kinetic model, and the Starink method was used to calculate the apparent activation energy. The morphology of the reduction products was examined by …