Integrated CMOS sensors for fluorescence spectroscopy and imaging

Miniaturization of sensing and imaging devices using commercial micro/nano-fabrication technologies offers many advantages such as low-cost, small size and portability. We report our recent work in novel active pixel sensors and avalanche photodiodes that are fully integrated into multi-pixel CMOS camera-on-a-chip devices for fluorescence lifetime imaging and sensing applications. © 2009 OSA/ACP 2009.