Comorbidities in borderline personality disorder: Role of consultation and collaboration

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is known to complicate the treatment of chronic psychiatric disorders, especially treatment-refractory depression. It is also highly comorbid with bipolar disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and substance use disorders. As older adults are more likely to suffer from systemic medical conditions, BPD can also complicate the treatment of such medical conditions, especially the chronic pain leading to misuse of prescription opioid pain medication, increased medical morbidity, and worse functional outcomes.