Sixteen million women currently live with the human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/ AIDS) globally, and it represents the leading cause of mortality in women aged 15-49 worldwide. Women are at higher risk of contracting HIV than men for a number of reasons, with sexually transmitted infections and socio-cultural determinants such as gender-based violence and economic independence, compounding this risk. The health consequences of HIV reach beyond opportunistic infections to include gynecological infections (human papillomavirus, herpes simplex virus), increased risk of cervical cancer, fertility issues, as well as social effects, which can impact mothering practices as well as caregiving responsibilities. Numerous challenges exist in effectively addressing HIV in women including: political/decision-making structures, gender norms, education for girls and access to appropriate healthcare for women, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. A selection of proven interventions and programs highlight the need for collaborative, empowering, sustainable models for change.