Phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging (31P-MRS/MRSI) as a window to brain and muscle metabolism: A review of the methods

Phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy and spectroscopic imaging (31P-MRS/MRSI) non-invasively provide very important information regarding energy metabolism as they can detect high-energy metabolites and membrane phospholipids in vivo. They have repeatedly proven their utility in the study of healthy and disease conditions in skeletal muscle and brain tissue, as many disorders are related to imbalances in bioenergetics processes. However, …