Journal article
Oppugning the assumptions of spatial averaging of segment and joint orientations
Abstract
Movement scientists frequently calculate "arithmetic averages" when examining body segment or joint orientations. Such calculations appear routinely, yet are fundamentally flawed. Three-dimensional orientation data are computed as matrices, yet three-ordered Euler/Cardan/Bryant angle parameters are frequently used for interpretation. These parameters are not geometrically independent; thus, the conventional process of averaging each parameter …
Authors
Pierrynowski MR; Ball KA
Journal
Journal of Biomechanics, Vol. 42, No. 3, pp. 375–378
Publisher
Elsevier
Publication Date
February 2009
DOI
10.1016/j.jbiomech.2008.11.001
ISSN
0021-9290