Optimal Phase on Biaxial Driven Transducers Based Only on Electrical Power Measurements

The efficiency of a piezoelectric actuator is determined by the amount of electrical power converted into acoustic power. This efficiency can be increased using the biaxial driving technique [PloS one 10.9 (2015): e0139178] that reduces coercivity of the ferroelectric switching by applying a polarization rotation obtained dephasing two orthogonal sinusoidal electrical fields along the lateral and propagation axes of a piezoelectric actuator. In this study, we established a relationship between the electrical input power response observed on the propagation (P) and lateral (L) electrodes (top of Fig 1) from a piezoelectric actuator biaxially driven and its efficiency.