Phase Equilibria and Phase Transformations

This chapter contains sections titled: Alloy Phase Diagrams Solid Solutions Free Energy and the Lever Rule Common Tangent Construction Unmixing and Continuous Solid Solubility Phase Diagrams Eutectic and Peritectic Phase Diagrams More Complex Phase Diagrams Atomic Ordering Beyond Simple Models Entropy of Configurations Principles of Phonon Entropy Trends of Phonon Entropy Phonon Entropy at Elevated Temperatures Kinetics and the Approach to Equilibrium Suppressed Diffusion in the Solid (Nonequilibrium Compositions) Nucleation Kinetics Suppressed Diffusion in the Liquid (Glasses) Suppressed Diffusion in a Solid Phase (Solid‐State Amorphization) Combined Reactions Statistical Kinetics of Phase Transformations Kinetic Pair Approximation Equilibrium State of Order Kinetic Paths Nucleation and Growth Transformations Definitions Fluctuations and the Critical Nucleus The Nucleation Rate Time‐Dependent Nucleation Effect of Elastic Strain Heterogeneous Nucleation The Kolmogorov–Johnson–Mehl–Avrami Growth Equation Spinodal Decomposition Concentration Fluctuations and the Free Energy of Solution The Diffusion Equation Effects of Elastic Strain Energy Martensitic Transformations Characteristics of Martensite Massive and Displacive Transformations Bain Strain Mid‐Lattice Invariant Shear Martensite Crystallography Nucleation and Dislocation Models of Martensite Soft Mode Transitions, the Clapp Lattice Instability Model Outlook References Alloy Phase Diagrams Solid Solutions Free Energy and the Lever Rule Common Tangent Construction Unmixing and Continuous Solid Solubility Phase Diagrams Eutectic and Peritectic Phase Diagrams More Complex Phase Diagrams Atomic Ordering Beyond Simple Models Entropy of Configurations Principles of Phonon Entropy Trends of Phonon Entropy Phonon Entropy at Elevated Temperatures Solid Solutions Free Energy and the Lever Rule Common Tangent Construction Unmixing and Continuous Solid Solubility Phase Diagrams Eutectic and Peritectic Phase Diagrams More Complex Phase Diagrams Atomic Ordering Beyond Simple Models Entropy of Configurations Principles of Phonon Entropy Trends of Phonon Entropy Phonon Entropy at Elevated Temperatures Kinetics and the Approach to Equilibrium Suppressed Diffusion in the Solid (Nonequilibrium Compositions) Nucleation Kinetics Suppressed Diffusion in the Liquid (Glasses) Suppressed Diffusion in a Solid Phase (Solid‐State Amorphization) Combined Reactions Statistical Kinetics of Phase Transformations Kinetic Pair Approximation Equilibrium State of Order Kinetic Paths Suppressed Diffusion in the Solid (Nonequilibrium Compositions) Nucleation Kinetics Suppressed Diffusion in the Liquid (Glasses) Suppressed Diffusion in a Solid Phase (Solid‐State Amorphization) Combined Reactions Statistical Kinetics of Phase Transformations Kinetic Pair Approximation Equilibrium State of Order Kinetic Paths Nucleation and Growth Transformations Definitions Fluctuations and the Critical Nucleus The Nucleation Rate Time‐Dependent Nucleation Effect of Elastic Strain Heterogeneous Nucleation The Kolmogorov–Johnson–Mehl–Avrami Growth Equation Definitions Fluctuations and the Critical Nucleus The Nucleation Rate Time‐Dependent Nucleation Effect of Elastic Strain Heterogeneous Nucleation The Kolmogorov–Johnson–Mehl–Avrami Growth Equation Spinodal Decomposition Concentration Fluctuations and the Free Energy of Solution The Diffusion Equation Effects of Elastic Strain Energy Concentration Fluctuations and the Free Energy of Solution The Diffusion Equation Effects of Elastic Strain Energy Martensitic Transformations Characteristics of Martensite Massive and Displacive Transformations Bain Strain Mid‐Lattice Invariant Shear Martensite Crystallography Nucleation and Dislocation Models of Martensite Soft Mode Transitions, the Clapp Lattice Instability Model Characteristics of Martensite Massive and Displacive Transformations Bain Strain Mid‐Lattice Invariant Shear Martensite Crystallography Nucleation and Dislocation Models of Martensite Soft Mode Transitions, the Clapp Lattice Instability Model Outlook References