Preliminary numerical modelling of a tuned liquid damper with limited freeboard

A tuned liquid damper (TLD) is often used to mitigate the wind-induced vibrations of tall slender structures. A TLD typically consists of a partially filled rigid water tank located near the top of a structure and is often equipped with screens or devices to increase energy dissipation. The required freeboard for the TLD tank is determined by calculating the maximum sloshing wave height and ensuring sufficient space such that the water does not …