Multiplexed confocal microscope with a refraction window scanner and a single-photon avalanche photodiode array detector

Currently, the spinning disk confocal microscope is the most popular fast confocal imaging system. However, these instruments require a high pixel density camera detector, limiting their use in many applications. We have designed a multiplexed confocal scheme that performs raster scanning of a $32\times 32$ foci array in which the output image is stationary after de-scanning. Our system can be coupled to a dense or sparse array detector, making it feasible to apply to rapid time-resolved photon counting, single-photon detection, and some super-resolution techniques.