Neural-Net–Based Predictive Modeling of Spout Eye Size in Steelmaking

Gas stirring is commonly used in pyrometallurgical vessels to enhance mass and heat transfer and to promote impurity removal. In the case of secondary steelmaking, the spout eye area is caused by the escape of the gas from the top of the smelt where the liquid steel is directly exposed to the air, and oxygen can be picked up through the spout eye area that can reduce the quality of steel. Thus, controlling the size of the spout eye area is very …