Electrohydrodynamic atomization two-phase flow regime map for liquid hydrocarbon under pulsed electric fields with co-gas flow

The electrohydrodynamic atomization (EHDA) process has been used in various industrial processes, usually with a dc voltage applied to the electrodes or with induction charging by dc high voltage downstream of atomization nozzles. A pulsed high voltage has also been applied to the EHDA electrode in a liquid–liquid system in order to achieve spark free EHDA. EHDA in confined spaces often requires a co-current gas flow and liquid droplet flow. …