Optimal design of charging stations for electrified transit networks

In this paper, an optimization model is developed for the design of charging stations in fully electrified transit networks. The proposed model aims to optimize the charging station infrastructure prerequisites: charger size and number of the chargers. It can be applied for different charging concepts, which will result in addressing the operational feasibility of battery electric buses (BEBs), and the procurement of the BEBs charging profile. To that end, three distinct charging concepts are considered in this work, which are based on current transit industry: flash, opportunity, and overnight. The model is tested for three full transit networks with different fleet sizes in Ontario, Canada. The results show that charging concepts and fleet sizes affect significantly the design of charging stations.