Tracking Inclusions during Ladle Refining Using a Kinetic Model for the Compositions of Metal, Slag, and Inclusions

A mathematical kinetic model to predict the trajectory of chemical compositions of the molten steel, slag, and inclusions in the ladle metallurgy furnace was presented in a recent study. The model considered the following chemical processes: 1) the rate of slag–steel reaction; 2) the rate of supply of calcium during calcium treatment; and 3) the rate of steel–inclusion reactions, including oxides and sulfides. Herein, the model is further …