Secular trends in the incidence and timing of surgical intervention for congenital undescended testis and surgically treated hypospadias in Ontario, Canada between 1997 and 2007

INTRODUCTION: Recent studies have suggested contradictory trends in the incidence of undescended testis (UDT) and hypospadias (HYP), partly because of methodological issues and ascertainment bias. The recently described association of "testicular dysgenesis syndrome" links concomitant UDT and HYP, with decreasing sperm counts and testicular cancer. Current guidelines suggest that orchidopexy for UDT should be performed by 18 months of age.