Highly active and porous graphene encapsulating carbon nanotubes as a non-precious oxygen reduction electrocatalyst for hydrogen-air fuel cells

Heat treated iron-polyaniline-carbon – based non-precious metal catalysts represent a promising class of material to replace the platinum based ORR catalysts for PEMFC technologies. In the present research, we apply an ammonia treatment to tune the structure and activity of electrocatalysts derived from iron, polyaniline and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). By controlling the NH3 reaction conditions, we were able to tune the chemistry of nitrogen …