MobiBee

Constructing a location-dependent fingerprint map is one of the essential steps for fingerprint-based indoor localization. A comprehensive site survey is time-consuming, labor-intensive, and subjects to environmental changes. In this work, we develop a mobile participatory game, MobiBee, to collect fingerprints with the help of quick response (QR) codes (posted on walls or pillars as location tags). Various incentive strategies, including monetary, entertainment and competition, are utilized. The location marker is deliberately designed to ensure that fingerprints are collected at the targeted locations in a stationary manner. Interestingly, a few instances of QR code forgery have been identified during the game play, which exposes the vulnerability of using QR code in indoor localization. A fraud detection mechanism is hence proposed. Experiments show that the proposed approach can accurately detect the QR code forgery and improve indoor localization accuracy.