Long Double-Stranded RNA Induces an Antiviral Response Independent of IFN Regulatory Factor 3, IFN-β Promoter Stimulator 1, and IFN

Virus infection elicits a robust innate antiviral response dominated by the production of type 1 IFN. In nonprofessional innate immune cells such as fibroblasts, type 1 IFN is rapidly produced following the recognition of viral dsRNA and the subsequent activation of the constitutively expressed transcription factor IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3). Although origin, localization, and length are factors in mediating dsRNA recognition and binding by …